如何理解明確閱讀理解表達的事實和細節
在閱讀理解題中，大多數問題是測試應試者對明確表達的事實和細節情況的理解。在做此類試題時，我們應從英語文章內容的一般組織方法上去考慮。一般說來，爲了闡明文章的'中心意思，作者總是運用大量的事實和細節來說明中心意思並進行各種不同的陳述，也就是說文章中的每一句話都是圍繞主題而展開的，或是提供例證，或是進行分類比較，或是說明因果關係等。正確分析文章中的每個句子是如何說明和解析中心意思，是提高閱讀理解水平的關鍵。
分析事實和細節內容的有效方法是：在閱讀過程中首先找出主題句（文章的中心意思往往通過主題句表現出來），然後分析其他各個句子與主題句的意義關係，即形成一個分析文章意義的流程圖。這樣我們可以清楚地掌握文章中的細節內容，找出所需選擇的問題的答案。下面本文舉一個例子來說明：
During the American Warof In depen dence，wome nwere invol vedin the active fighting in three ways．First，as members of adistinctbranch of the Continen tal Army，refer redtoas“Women of the Army”，women staf fed fieldhospital sandactedasamilitary suppor tinsuchrolesaswatercarriers．Inanemergency，women water carriers，who had plentyofopportunities too bserve the firing of cannons，couldrep laceawoundedcomrade．The secondway that women wereinvolvedintheactivefighting was asregul art roopmembers who were inmen’suni for msand fought side by sidewith the irmalecounterparts．Theore tically，women werenotsupposedtoberecruitedin to the army，butifa woman was a good soldier，noonemadeanissueofsexatatimewhen the army was soshortofsoldiers that boys not yetin their teen swerealsobeingrecruitedinviolationofrules．Third，women wereoccasionalfighterswithlocalmilitiacompaniesorcommitteesofsafety for med to protect the localcommunity．
1．What is the mainideaexpressedin this passage？
A．Women play edanimportantroleinmilitaryhospitalsduringthewar．
B．The Continental Army was success fulin tea ching women to firecannons．
C．The serviceofwomenincombatduringthewar．
D．Women were activeincombatduring the American War of Independence．
2．Women sometimes fired can nons because_______．
A．they had observed the procedureandcouldthere for esubstitute for disabledmen
B．localmilitiacompanieshadtrained the mverycarefully for emergency fighting
C．they had a better safetyrecord than men for us in gweapons
D．itwasagainstthelawforyoungboystofireweapons
3．What is probablythemainreason that women werepermittedtofight in the wareven though the irformalparticipationwasdiscouraged？
A．Only women were success fulaswa ter carriers．
B．Theywereneededtomakebattleuniforms．
C．Colonialwomenwereparticularlyhea lthyands trong．
D．Thearmydesperatelyneededcombatsoldiers．
4．Women were involve dinfighting the war for American in dependen cein all of the followingwaysexceptas_______．
A．membersofcommitteesofsafety
B．supportpersonnelatmedicalfacilities
C．recruitersofsoldiers
D．combattroops in the regulararmy
