誤用小作文中現象雅思詞語
雅思小作文因爲比較模式化,相對來說用錯詞的情況也少一些。其實,小作文中比較集中的錯誤在比較與對比搞不清楚,所以出現 compare與 contrast 的使用錯誤。
一、compare與contrast的誤用
我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區別。Compare的定義爲:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義爲:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them. 由定義不難看出前者側重於找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而後者則側重於它們的不同。
看個例句:
It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.
前一句翻譯爲:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣。
後一句的翻譯爲:我們的情況與他們的`情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。
再看一個引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNERS DICTIONARY的例子:
There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.
The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
不難發現,Compare 翻譯爲 與。。。相比而contrast可譯爲明顯不同的是。。。,切記這種翻譯方式就不會用錯彼此了。
二、介詞使用錯誤
1、普通介詞的誤用
一般表現爲固定搭配錯誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,雖然這樣的錯誤看似無傷大雅,但在考官眼裏就是影響順暢閱讀的,當然會影響最終成績。解決的辦法簡單而古老:把常見的固定搭配牢記於心,問題自然就解決了。
2、to作爲介詞的誤用
to最常見的用法是以動詞不定式符號的形式出現的,所以同學們也已經習慣了 to do的固定搭配。對於一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會出現錯誤。但是對於與動詞搭配的介詞to就會經常犯錯:
如:
More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.
這裏的 take to means to begin to do sth as a habit 其中 to爲介詞,所以後面只能接名詞或相當於名詞的詞,如動名詞。所以黑體處應改爲depending on。take to的另一個常用用法也需要牢記:
He hasnt taken to his new school. (這裏take to means to start liking sb or sth)
Prefer A to B中的 to也是介詞,會有 prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else, 這裏提醒您,prefer to do sth rather than do sth中的to可是真正的不定式符號。
類似的常用用法請同學們牢記:
Be used to doing
Be accustomed to doing
See to doing
Adapt to doing
Adjust to doing
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.